
玛丽安 · 古德曼画廊继续推出聚焦艺术家的专题IN FOCUS,每期挖掘画廊代理的一位艺术家。我们希望通过一些精选的故事、采访、视频和项目等,呈现艺术家创作的开阔性。香特尔 · 阿克曼(Chantal Akerman,1950-2015)被视为20世纪末最重要的电影导演之一,对国际电影及先锋影像艺术中的女性主义表达影响深远。阿克曼1950年出生在一个来自波兰的大屠杀幸存者家庭,父辈所经历的创伤是其作品中不断探索的主题,并促使她开始审视自己的犹太人身份。阿克曼在比利时国立表演艺术及传播技术高等学院短暂学习后,在18岁时拍摄了她的首部电影《炸飞我的城市》(Saute ma ville)。该片于1971年在著名的奥伯豪森国际短片电影节(Oberhausen International Short Film Festival)上首映。此后不久,阿克曼离开欧洲,前往纽约寻求电影生涯的进一步发展。她开始频繁出入收集了大量独立和实验电影的精选电影档案馆(Anthology Film Archives),参与斯坦 · 布拉哈格(Stan Brakhage)、乔纳斯 · 梅卡斯(Jonas Mekas)、迈克尔 · 斯诺(Michael Snow)、安迪 · 沃霍尔(Andy Warhol)等艺术家的作品。阿克曼一生共拍摄了40多部电影,被认为是同代中最具影响力的欧洲导演之一。

法国艺术史学家伊丽莎白 · 勒波维奇(Élisabeth Lebovici)曾在米兰艺术杂志《Mousse Magazine》第31期(2011年11-12月刊)中发表了对香特尔 · 阿克曼采访。在这篇题为《拒绝偶像崇拜并抛弃一切曾束缚你的事物》的访谈中,艺术家谈到了作品中有关他者和囚困状态等主题。我们精选了如下访谈段落。

香特尔 · 阿克曼 / 《来自另一边》,2002 / 影像装置,三部分(19个显示屏,1个投影)
……我对边界的执着来自集中营。当触及那个界限——我通过母亲从极近处触碰到了它,她曾身陷集中营,却永远无法倾诉她的焦虑——这个边界就承载了焦虑的真正源头,成为了一个“焦虑的对象”。在《来自另一边》(De l’autre côté)中,我给母亲看(美墨边境的)墙,问她想到了什么。她说:“你知道的”。当某种经历被内化,无需言说就能浮现并传达,有如幽灵般存在。你无法摆脱它。在电影《那里》(Là-bas)中,“他者”的概念呈现出更多的复杂性,因为它既是同一边,也是另一边,以及里边。我试图与这种内化连接,因为这是不得不去承受的,在我出生以前那些东西就在那儿了。但这很难。因为我触及到了另一个边界:即我自身。
香特尔 · 阿克曼 / 《那里1,2006》,2006 / 彩色数码摄影 / 50.5 x 90cm
(问:说到边界与囚困,家与逃脱束缚……家不就是这样吗?当我们观看让娜 · 迪尔曼在厨房里忙碌,或沉浸于你从自己家中拍摄的最新装置作品时,透过镜头能感受到禁锢的状态,这超出了对空间的视觉表现……)
监狱的意象在我的全部作品中都显而易见,比如《俘虏》(La Captive)还有《让娜 · 迪尔曼》(Jeanne Dielman)……当然有时候不是从正面去刻画的。现在,入境美国的时候必须记录下所有的指纹,这就像是进入一个巨大的监狱。你知道现在在中央公园里已经禁止吸烟了吗?今天的纽约不再是70年代的样子,一切都在那个时代发生了,现在更多的是讲金钱。而法国又太糟糕了,你感觉不到一点活力。在美国你倒是能感受到人们的能量,但主要是为了炫耀。
香特尔 · 阿克曼 / 《让娜 · 迪尔曼,科迈斯堤23号,1080,布鲁塞尔》,1975 / 静态图,来自彩色电影(35mm,201分钟)
(问:对你来说,这种“另一边”(the other side)的概念从何而来?)来自伊曼努尔 · 列维纳斯(Emmanuel Lévinas,法国哲学家)。他是我的文化养分中的一部分。我曾在东方犹太师范学院(ENIO,巴黎)上过两年他的课:他总会让一个年轻人,男孩或女孩,站在他面前读一段《圣经》的节选,那个小小的纤弱的身影,被一大堆书包围着;接着他就开始讲课,话题可以发散得很远很远……我经常引用他的话:“当你看见他者的脸时,便已听到‘汝不可殺人’(出自《出埃及记,摩西十诫》)这句话”。要是他这话被听进去了。这句话怎么可能不在我耳边回响!他者的脸同样也是观看者的脸。我从来都觉得,自己有一种认识,即拍摄电影,就是要从正面去表现,制造对峙。

作品一览
香特尔 · 阿克曼 / 《现在》,2015 / 高清影像装置,5个有机玻璃屏幕后投影,2个地面投影,彩色影像,5个单声道,立体声效,循环播放
香特尔 · 阿克曼 / 《狂躁的影子》,2013 / 3频影像装置,高清,彩色及黑白影像,有声

香特尔 · 阿克曼 / 《安特卫普的女人在11月》,2008 / 景观:Quicktime文件,高清投影,无声,20分钟;黑白方形肖像:DVD视频,无声,5分钟(循环播放4次,21分钟)
香特尔 · 阿克曼 / 《夜幕降临上海》,2007-2009 / 汉语灯箱,标准画质影像,彩色,有声,14分钟,循环播放
香特尔 · 阿克曼 / 《在空的冰箱里,行走在鞋带旁》,2004 / 第一部分:螺旋状纱幕雕塑,两个视频投影,一个声效;第二部分:双幅画面视频墙上投影,单幅画面纱幕投影 / 尺寸可变
香特尔 · 阿克曼 / 《东方的无题(1)》,1998 / 整组14幅彩色摄影之一 / 50 x 60cm
香特尔 · 阿克曼 / 《来自东方:在虚构的边缘》/ 两个展厅内的影像装置,25个显示屏,24个同步DVD,彩色,有声,48个扬声器,4分钟,循环播放
香特尔 · 阿克曼 / 《镜中》,1971 / 16mm,黑白胶片转数字影片,有声,14分21秒

关于艺术家
香特尔 · 阿克曼1950年生于布鲁塞尔,2015于巴黎去世。她被视作20世纪末最重要的电影导演之一,对国际电影及先锋影像艺术中的女性主义表达影响深远。阿克曼出生在一个来自波兰的大屠杀幸存者家庭,父辈所经历的创伤是其作品中不断探索的主题。近年为她举办个展的机构包括:多伦多当代美术馆(2019),里约热内卢Oi Futuro文化中心(2018),巴黎电影博物馆的回顾展(2018),伦敦当代艺术学院(2015),纽约The Kitchen剧院(2013),布鲁塞尔美术宫(2013),安特卫普当代美术馆(2012),维也纳电影节回顾展映(2011),圣路易当代美术馆(2009,美国),麻省理工学院利斯特视觉艺术中心(2008,美国),伦敦卡姆登艺术中心(2008),特拉维夫美术馆(2006),巴黎蓬皮杜艺术中心(2004),明尼亚波利斯沃克艺术中心(1995)。
Marian Goodman Gallery is pleased to continue our artist-centric newsletter IN FOCUS, where we delve deeply into one artist on the MGG roster at a time. Aiming to show a fuller picture of the breadth of our artists' careers, we will feature our favorite stories, podcasts, interviews, artists’ writings and videos from the archive, as well as new and upcoming projects.
Chantal Akerman (1950–2015) is regarded as one of the most important filmmakers of the late-20th century, having made a profound impact on feminist discourse within cinema, and within avant-garde film and video art at an international level. Born in 1950 to Holocaust survivors from Poland, the generational trauma of this experience was a continued theme in Akerman’s work and, later on, she began to explore her own Jewish identity. After briefly attending the Belgian Institut National Supérieur des Arts du Spectacle et des Techniques de Diffusion, Akerman made her first film at age 18, Saute ma ville / Blow Up My Town, which premiered at the renowned Oberhausen short film festival in 1971. Shortly thereafter, Akerman left Europe for New York to further her film career, where she began to frequent Anthology Film Archives, notably engaging with the work of Stan Brakhage, Jonas Mekas, Michael Snow, Andy Warhol, and so many more. Akerman went on to make over 40 films during her life time, and is considered to be one of the most influential European directors of her generation. 
In "No Idolatry and Losing Everything that Made You a Slave: Chantal Akerman", an interview originally published in Mousse Magazine # 31(Milan, November–December 2011), the artist talked to French art historian Élisabeth Lebovici about themes like otherness and incarceration in her works. We've chosen for you several of her answers.
My fixation with borders comes from the camps. When you touch on that limit – and I touched it very closely through my mother, who was in the camps but was never able to talk through her anxiety – this border takes on the source of the anxiety, it becomes an “anxious object”. In De l’autre côté [From the Other Side], for instance, I show the wall to my mother and ask her what it brings to mind, and she says: “you know what”. When it is internalized, experience is given without speaking, transmitted as a spectral presence; you cannot separate yourself from it. In the film Là bas [Down There] the notion of the “Other” takes on more complexity, because it’s the same side, but the other side, the inside too. I try to connect to that internalization, because it’s something you have to live with, that lives there before you. But it’s hard. The reason is that I touched another limit, which is myself.
(EL: Talking about borders and confinement, home and breaking loose… Isn’t that what home is about? When one looks at Jeanne Dielman in her kitchen, or when one finds oneself immersed in your last installation, shot in and from your home, the camera is the operator to feel confinement, beyond the visual depiction of space…)The jail is very, very present in all of my work, in La Captive [The Captive] as well as Jeanne Dielman… sometimes not so frontally. Now when you enter America, you have to put all of your fingers in ink, it’s like entering a big jail. Do you know that you cannot smoke anymore in Central Park? New York is not like it was in the 1970s, everything was happening then, now it’s much more about money. France is terrible, you feel no energy at all. In America you still have energy, but mostly for bling.(EL: For you, where does this notion of the other side come from?)From Emmanuel Lévinas. He is part of my culture. For two years I attended his classes at ENIO (École Normale Israelite Orientale): he would always have a young person, a boy or a girl, read an excerpt from the Bible, standing in front of him, a minuscule, fragile figure surrounded by tons of books, and then he would get started and go far, far away… I often quote his statement: “When you see the face of the Other, you already hear the words ‘Thou shalt not kill’”. If only he had been heard. How could I not hear it! The other face is also the face of the viewer, I have always thought: I have an understanding that making films is very much about frontality, about facing off.Chantal Akerman was born in 1950 in Brussels, and died in Paris in 2015. Akerman was a pioneer in feminist and experimental filmmaking. She made over 40 films during her life time, and is considerd to be one of the most important European directors of her generation. Recent solo exhibitions have been shown at MOCA, Toronto, Canada (2019); Oi Futuro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2018), a retrospective at La Cinemateque Francaise, Paris, France (2018); Institute of Contemporary Arts, London (2015); The Kitchen, New York (2013); Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, Belgium (2013); Museum for Contemporary Art Antwerp, Belgium (2012); a film retrospective at the Vienna Film Festival, Austria (2011); the Contemporary Art Museum, St. Louis, Missouri (2009); List Visual Arts Center, M.I.T. Cambridge, Massachusetts (2008); Camden Arts Centre, London, England (2008); Tel Aviv Musem of Art, Tel Aviv, Israel (2006); Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris (2004); Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota (1995).
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