
什么是艺术的“介入”?
——当代西方介入性艺术批评的争论、危机和对策
周彦华

托马斯·赫赛豪恩《重塑》,2018
《六环比五环多一环》展览中王铁为镜头下的半截塔,2015
2.新自由主义与当代介入性艺术批评
这里我们需要交代一个背景,毕晓普有关参与式艺术的文章是在英国保守党—自由民主党联合政府执政的情况下撰写的。以卡梅伦的为首的英国政府提倡“大社会”(Big Society)。这一概念是建立在完善英国的新自由主义制度的基础之上的。用毕晓普自己的话来说,这是一种“自由放任”(aissez-faire)的政府模式,它伪装成一种倡导自愿、慈善和社会行动的新文化。[28]因此,介入成为社会包容话语中的一个重要流行语,但与它在当代艺术中的功能不同的是,它指的是消除那些破坏性个体。换句话说,被社会容纳和介入社会意味着充分就业,有可支配收入和自给自足。如毕晓普所指,
社会包容议程与其说是修复社会纽带,不如说是一项使命。该使命使社会的所有成员都成为自我管理的、充分发挥作用的消费者,他们不再依赖福利国家,能够应对放松管制、私有化的世界。按照这种逻辑,介入社会仅仅是参与一项任务,即为过去由国家的集体关切的事务承担个人责任。[29]
社会主义的艺术介入:1967年艺术家集体创作的场景
原文发表于《公共艺术》杂志,2021年第3期。
注释:
[1]托马斯·赫赛豪恩:重塑[N].每日美术馆,参见https://art.icity.ly/events/vtsp1hs.
[2]王春辰. 艺术介入社会:一种新艺术关系[M].香港:Timezone8 Limited, 2010.
[3]LIU, L. H. Translingual Practice: Literature, National Culture and Translated Modernity – China, 1900-1937 [M]. CA: Stanford University Press, 1995.
[4]长征计划[N].中央美术学院院美术馆,参见http://longmarchproject.com/zh/about-lmp/.
[5]崔灿灿. 六环比五环多一环[N].豆瓣,参见https://www.douban.com/note/605835754/
[6]AVISON, W. R., MCLEOD, J. D. and PESCOSOLIDO, B. A. Mental Health, Social Mirror[M] NY: Springer, 2007: 333.
[7]PATEMAN, C. Participation and Democratic Theory [M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970: 5.
[8]周穗明. 21 世纪民粹主义的崛起与威胁[J]. 国外理论动态. 2016 (10):1-11.
[9]ANDERSON, P., Renewals [J]. New Left Review 1 (Jan/Feb 2000): 1-20.
[10]ROSENBERG, S. W., Deliberation, Participation and Democracy: Can the People Govern? [M]. NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007: 1.
[11]BLAUG, R. and SCHWARZMANTEL. J, Democracy: A Reader [M]. NY: Columbia University Press, 2016: 384.
[12]ROSENBERG, S. W., Deliberation, Participation and Democracy: Can the People Govern? [M]. NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007: 2.
[13]FUKUYAMA, F, The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman Times to the French Revolution [M]. NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011:11.
[14]Ibid., 470.
[15]BOURRIAUD, N., Relational Aesthetics, Simon Pleasance & Fronza Woods trans [M]. Paris: Les Presses du réel, 2002: 8.
[16]ibid., 9.
[17]这段话来自艺术家在纽约MoMA回顾展上的访谈,参见:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0xRx2s3FpSg.
[18]BOURRIAUD, N., Relational Aesthetics, Simon Pleasance & Fronza Woods trans [M]. Paris: Les Presses du réel, 2002: 13
[19][法]阿兰·图海纳著, 狄玉明译. 我们能否共同生存?: 既平等又互有差异[M]. 北京:商务印书馆,2005: 34..
[20]BOURRIAUD, N., Relational Aesthetics, Simon Pleasance & Fronza Woods trans [M]. Paris: Les Presses du réel, 2002: 13
[21]BISHOP, C., Antagonism and Relational Aesthetics [J], October 110 (Autumn 2004): 51-79.
[22]Ibid.
[23]LACLAU, E. and MOUFFE, C., Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics [M]. London: Verso, 1985: xvii.
[24]BISHOP, C., Antagonism and Relational Aesthetics [J], October 110 (Autumn 2004): 51-79.
[25]Ibid.
[26]RANCIERE, J., Politics of Aesthetics [M]. Gabriel Rockhill trans, London: Bloomsbury, 2013.
[27]BISHOP, CLAIRE. Artificial Hells: Participatory Art and the Politics of Spectatorship [M]. London: Verso, 2012: i.
[28]Ibid., 14.
[29]Ibid.
[30]RANCIERE, J., The Aesthetic Revolution and its Outcomes [J]. New Left Review 14 (Apr. 2002): 133-151.
[31]KESTER, G. H., Conversation Pieces: Community and Communication in Modern Art [M]. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2013: xvii.
[32]KESTER, G. H., The One and The Many: Contemporary Collaborative Art in A Global Context [M]Durham: Duke University Press, 2011.
[33]THOMPSON, N., Living as Form: Socially Engaged Art from 1991-2011[M]. Mass: MIT Press, 2012:19.
[34]THOMPSON, N., Seeing Power: Art and Activism in the Twenty-first Century [M]. NY: Melville House, 2014.
[35]DAVIS, B., A Critique of Social Practice Art: What Does It Mean to Be A Political Artist? [C]//BURTON, J., JACKSON, S., and WILLSDON, D. eds., Public Servants: Art and the Crisis of the Common Good [M].Mass.: The MIT Press, 2016: 428.
[36]Ibid., 451.
[37]Ibid., 452.
[38]Ibid., 447.
[39]Ibid., 433.
[40]BISHOP, CLAIRE. Artificial Hells: Participatory Art and the Politics of Spectatorship [M]. London: Verso, 2012: 227.
[41]汪晖. 去政治化的政治:短20 世纪的终结与90 年代 [M]. 北京:·三联书店,2008: 62.
[42]“Guggenheim Museum Launches New Social Practice Art Initiative with Major Grant from the Edmond de Rothschild Foundation” 参见 https://www.guggenheim.org/press-release/guggenheim-social-practice.
[43]参见Tate News on “Turner Prize 2015 artists: Assemble,” Tate, accessed March 20, 2020, https://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/other-venue/exhibition/turner-prize-2015/turner-prize-2015-artists-assemble.
[44][德]马库斯·米森著,翁子健译. 参与的恶梦[M]. 北京:金城出版社,2012: 37.
[45]BISHOP, CLAIRE. Artificial Hells: Participatory Art and the Politics of Spectatorship [M]. London: Verso, 2012: 227.
[46]CHOMSKY, N., To Heal From COVID-19, We Must Imagine A Different World. THRUTHOUT,2020-04-10. [2020-07-07]https://truthout.org/articles/chomsky-and-pollin-to-heal-from-covid-19-we-must-imagine-a-different-world.
[47]这一观点可参见笔者拙文:周彦华.“群众参与”——中国现代美术运动中的艺术参与[J]. 中国图书评论. 2020(9): 24-42.






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