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现存年代最早的彩绘漆金夹纻佛

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此尊造像现藏于美国沃尔特斯博物馆，是现存最早的中国漆佛，可追溯至公元六世纪末隋朝的末期，佛像保存相对完好，仅双手残缺显示为木芯，是将漆料涂在实木模具上制成。袈裟表面残留鲜艳的红、蓝敷色，面部及右臂有明显的贴金痕迹，脱落处呈现乌黑色，发亮。

中国历史上有名的夹纻造像，最早见于文献的是四世纪末，东晋戴逵（字安道）所造的夹纻像。如《出三藏记集》卷十二法苑杂缘原始集目录中，有“谯国（今安徽亳县）二戴（戴逵和他的次子戴颗）造夹纻像记。”《辩正论》卷三也说：“晋常侍戴安道，学艺优达，造招隐寺，手自制五夹纻像；并相好无比，恒放神光。”《法苑珠林》卷十六说：“逵又造行像五躯，积虑十年。像旧在瓦官寺。”用夹纻制造佛像，躯体很轻，便于行像之用。戴氏在当时所造夹纻像也许不是少数。在这以后的夹纻造像，如《广弘明集》卷十六载有梁简文帝为人造丈八夹纻金薄像疏文，《辩正论》卷三也载有陈尚书袁宪在上定林寺造夹纻像十躯。在北方则有北魏孟仲晖于六世纪初在洛阳永明寺造中人夹纻像，《洛阳伽蓝记》卷四称其相好端严，世所希有，还记载其灵异事迹。这都证明南北朝时代夹纻像颇为流行。

隋代（581-618）关于夹纻像的记录也不少。如《续高僧传》卷二十五感通篇说：“京师西北有废凝观寺，有夹纻立释迦，举高丈六，仪相超异，屡放光明，隋开皇三年寺僧法庆所造。捻塑才了，未加漆布，而庆忽终。”既而法庆又复活，于是“周流远近，率诸士女，以成其像”。又开皇十六年，润州仁孝寺释智琳也“前后造中人像五躯，夹纻像一躯，神仪显曜，相好严挺”（见《续高僧传》卷十）。《辩正论》卷四载，尚书右仆射鲁国公虞庆则，“大起法堂，广罗佛殿，于襄州造卢舍那夹纻像，高一百二十尺，相好奇异，灵应殊常。其所建寺，即冲觉寺也”。

http://art.thewalters.org/detail/11606

Buddha

Period：ca. 590 (Sui)

Medium：wood with painted lacquer (Sculpture)

Accession Number：25.9

Measurements：

H: 41 3/8 x W: 28 3/4 x D: 21 11/16 in. (105.1 x 73.1 x 55.1 cm)

Credit：

Acquired by Henry Walters, 1920

Description：

Carved from twelve joined pieces of wood, covered with five layers of lacquer, and then painted, this sculpture is the oldest, known surviving Chinese example of its type. In the form of Buddhism that flourished during this period of China's history, the historical Buddha Sakyamuni was one among many Enlightened Ones. He was seen to preside over this earthly realm while Buddhas enlightened in other realms preside over paradises or stood for abstract concepts and cosmological constructions. This sculpture probably depicts Amitabha, the Buddha who presides over the Western Paradise - a place where Buddhists of the period hoped to be reborn.

Conservation：

DateDescriptionNarrative

3/31/1938Treatmentcoated

4/20/1990Treatmenttechnical study; cleaned

Exhibitions：

Secrets of the Lacquer Buddha. Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Washington. 2017-2018.

The Return of the Buddha. The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore. 2018-2019.

Provenance：

Yamanaka & Co., New York; puchased by Henry Walters, Baltimore, 1920; by bequest to Walters Art Museum, 1931.

信息来源：美国沃尔特斯博物馆

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