流亡上海的德国犹太人艺术家大卫·布鲁赫的艺术和人生对话 | AMNUA公教

上世纪三、四十年代，为了逃避纳粹法西斯对犹太人的种族清洗，有两万多德国、奥地利犹太人背井离乡来到上海避难，年轻的艺术家大卫·布鲁赫就是其中的一个。

1910年布鲁赫出⽣在巴伐利亚的Floss⼩镇，他⾃幼失去了⽗⺟，三岁时⼜因⽣病失去了听⼒，童年时在慕尼⿊皇家聋哑学校学习⼿语，后来考⼊慕尼⿊实⽤美术学院学习设计和版画艺术。布鲁赫曾经和⼀个叫玛莎Martha的德国⼥孩相爱，她还为他⽣下了⼥儿蕾蒂娅Lydia，但「纽伦堡法案」严禁德国⼈和犹太⼈通婚，使他们不得不分开。1938年11⽉9⽇希特勒的纳粹组织发动了著名的「⽔晶之夜」，布鲁赫和成千上万的犹太男⼈⼀起被关进了达豪集中营。被释放后他只身乘船逃亡到了⽇本占领的上海，在这个陌⽣的东⽅城市他得到了中国⼈温暖⽽友善的照顾，布鲁赫没有着迷于上海⼗⾥洋场的歌舞升平，⽽是⽤画笔和⽊刻⼑记录和反映了⽼上海的⺠俗风情和社会底层的艰苦⽣活。在⼀次聋⼈的聚会上，布鲁赫遇到了郑⼩姐，⼀个漂亮活泼的上海⼥⼦，他们⽤⼿语交流了对爱与和平的向往。1946年他们在上海结婚，几年后他们移⺠去了美国。布鲁赫于2002年去世，留下了数百幅绘画和⽊刻版画，其中⼤部分是他在上海的九年当中制作的。

In the 1930s and 1940s, some 20,000 German and Austrian Jews fled to Shanghai

after the ethnic cleansing of Jews by Nazis.

Among those who escaped was David Bloch, a young artist. Bloch was born in a small Bavarian town called Floss in 1910. He lost his parents at age one, and suffered from hearing loss due to illness. He went to a school for the deaf in Munich to learn sign language and was admitted to the Academy of Applied Arts in Munich to study printmaking and design. Bloch was once in love with a German girl named Martha. She later gave birth to a baby girl named Lydia. However, because the Nuremberg Laws prohibited marriages between Jews and Germans, they had to separate. On November 9, 1938, Hitler’s Nazi force carried out the notorious violent riot, Kristallnacht, against Jews. Bloch, along with hundreds of thousands of fellow Jewishmales, was locked up in the Dachau

concentration camp. And after being released, he escaped to Shanghai, then under Japanese occupation, by boat and alone. On this unfamiliar city in the Far East, he received good care from the friendly, warm-hearted Chinese people. In Shanghai, Bloch didn’t indulge in the revels of the rich and glamorous, he captured moments and scenes reflecting rituals and lifestyles of the poor with a woodcut knife and a paintbrush. At a local deaf party, Bloch met a beautiful Chinese girl named Lily Zheng, they communicated through sign language and discussed their hope for love and peace. In 1946, they got married in Shanghai, and moved to America a few years later. Bloch died in 2002, leaving hundreds of paintings and woodcuts as his legacy, most of which he finished during his 9-year stay in Shanghai.

几年前，我在上海发现了⼀张四⼗年代的合影照⽚：男⼦是⼀个戴着⾦丝眼镜的欧洲⼈，⼥⼦是⼀个年轻美丽的上海⼥⼈。经过曲折的过程和不懈的努⼒，我们终于找到了男⼥主⼈公的后代。在纽约上州哈德逊河⾕的⼀个⼩镇上，我们访问了妇产科医⽣迪恩DeanBloch，他的⽗⺟就是照⽚上的男⼥主⼈公⼤卫.布鲁赫David Bloch和郑迪秀Lilly Zheng。我们⼜邀请迪恩医⽣⼀家从美国来到上海找寻⽗⺟的足迹。在德国的纽伦堡郊外，我们找到了年已80的蕾蒂娅Lydia Abel，她是布鲁赫和其德国⼥朋友Martha的私⽣⼥。《⼤卫·布鲁赫》在上海、嘉兴、慕尼⿊、纽伦堡、纽约等地耗时三年拍摄制作完成。该⽚通过布鲁赫⽣前的⾃述和其儿⼥和亲友们的回忆，反映了这位德国犹太裔聋⼈艺术家、纳粹集中营幸存者的艺术和⼈⽣。该⽚⾃始⾄终得到了上海犹太难⺠纪念馆的⽀持。

A few years ago, I found a photo in Shanghai. A photo from the 1940s, of a European man wearing gold-rimmed glasses with a beautiful Shanghai woman.After endless effort and research, we found the descendants of the man and the woman. We interviewed the 60-year-old Gynecologist Dean Bloch in a village by the Hudson River in Upstate New York. He is the son of the pictured David Bloch and Lilly Zheng. We invited Dr. Dean Bloch’s family to Shanghai from America to find traces of her parents’ footsteps. In the outskirt of Germany’s

Nuremberg, we found the 80-year-old Lydia Abel, the daughter of David Bloch and his then girlfriend Martha.

David Bloch was filmed in Shanghai, Jiaxing, Munich, Nuremberg and New York, during a time span of 3 years. Through Bloch’s autobiography and memories from his family and friends, this documentary unveils the life of a German Jewish artist and concentration camp survivor.

This documentary film received long-lasting support from Shanghai Jewish Refugees Museum

王⽔泊

奥斯卡提名导演，古根汉姆学者奖获得者

加拿⼤国家电影局合作导演

中央美院电影与影像系创建系主任研究⽣导师

其作品获得了许多国际电影节的重要奖项

许翔

南京艺术学院传媒学院摄影与影视制作系

教师/ 博士/ 副教授/ 硕士生导师

主要从事实验动画、实验影像、新媒体艺术的研究与创作，作品《门》获“金熊猫”国际影视实验作品类评委特别奖，作品《水》系列获第五届克拉斯费斯特电影节最佳实验作品奖，作品《七秒》获CIFF实验影像组十佳影片，《二十四山》系列获第七届新星星艺术家提名奖等。

沈晓平

电影制作人、资深媒体人、中国影协编剧教育工委会理事、南京艺术学院副教授。

曾主编《光与影》等多本杂志，担任《告诉他们我乘白鹤去了》《之子于归》等电影制片人，曾参与策划CIFF、德国电影节、中德法电影周、中德电影沙龙等电影节展。

现主要从事影视项目开发、制作，互联网节目“沈老师说电影”总制片人。