Urb'art：城市公共艺术中的壁画与涂鸦

城市公共艺术一直是大家热衷讨论的话题。木星美术馆创始人吕红荣深入研究了这一课题，并邀请了法国著名的城市艺术策展人唐妮诗?玛格达共同策划了一场城市艺术展览，该展览目前正在深圳市木星美术馆展出。

Urban public art has always been a hotly discussed topic. Lyv Hongrong, the founder of Jupiter Museum of Art, has studied this topic in depth and invited the famous French curator of urban art, Donnisie Magda, to co-curate an urban art exhibition, which is currently on display at the Jupiter Museum of Art in Shenzhen.

In this article, we will explore this aspect, starting with the most primitive forms of urban art - murals and graffiti.

Graffiti art, an urban art form, originated in the early 1970s as part of the hip-hop movement founded by the African American community in the early 1900s. Artists work primarily with words, often on walls, buildings, and public spaces in cities, using graffiti to communicate their views and thoughts on social, environmental, and cultural issues.

The creators of these graffiti paintings call themselves “writers” rather than “artists” and use their work to express emotional states. Their work, often referred to as street art, is often anonymous, and the artists use street names and personal slogans as identifiers to spread their message everywhere.

此次参展的艺术家林?费尔顿（Lin Felton），又名Quik，是涂鸦艺术的早期先锋之一，也被誉为涂鸦之父。1958年出生并成长于纽约皇后区的Quik，与Seen UA（Richard Mirando）等人共同成为了世界上最早的涂鸦明星艺术家。

The artist featured in this exhibition, Lin Felton, a.k.a. Quik, is one of the early pioneers of graffiti art and is also known as the Father of Graffiti.Born and raised in Queens, New York in 1958, Quik, along with the likes of Seen UA (Richard Mirando), were among the world's earliest graffiti star Artists.

在朋友Futura的支持下，他的作品《Blade》、《Seen》和《Crash》等曾在多个展览中展出。Quik是20世纪80年代将涂鸦艺术引入美术馆和博物馆的纽约艺术家之一，30多年间，他参与了超过150场展览，其作品早已被多家知名博物馆收藏。

With the support of his friend Futura, his works Blade, Seen, and Crash have been featured in several exhibitions.Quik is one of the New York artists who introduced graffiti art to galleries and museums in the 1980s, and has participated in over 150 exhibitions in more than 30 years, and his works have long been in the collections of several renowned museums.

涂鸦艺术家善于利用各种可用表面，包括社区墙面、废弃工业区域、建筑工地、地铁车厢和走廊等。在创作涂鸦图形时，他们借鉴了象征和书法技巧，同时参考字母造型的研究书籍和众多漫画。随着工业喷枪和喷漆的普及，他们开始大胆地在多种材料上进行喷绘，包括金属、石头、石膏、木材和画布。艺术家的作品中显露出一种速度感，他们运用快速而本能的技法，精于线条表现和肢体语言的运用，同时在手绘机械工具时也展示出高度的精确性。

Graffiti artists are adept at utilizing a variety of available surfaces, including community walls, abandoned industrial areas, construction sites, subway cars and hallways. In creating their graffiti graphics, they drew on symbols and calligraphic techniques, as well as referencing books on the study of letterforms and numerous comics. With the popularity of industrial spray guns and spray paint, they began to boldly spray paint on a variety of materials, including metal, stone, plaster, wood and canvas. A sense of speed is evident in the artists' work, as they utilize quick and instinctive techniques, mastering the use of line and body language, while demonstrating a high degree of precision when hand-painting mechanical tools.

街头涂鸦的色彩是十分鲜明活泼的。当罐装喷漆随处可购得后，从地下铁的火车车箱到月台上，到街道的墙面，一直到厕所里的壁面，到处可见各式各样色彩鲜艳的涂鸦。关于色彩方面，波普艺术家、公共艺术家Claes Oldenburg（克莱斯·奥登伯格）说过：一辆经过装饰的涂鸦的列车，就像一朵美丽的南美花卉，它以它的艳丽色彩妆点了一座死气沉沉的城市。

The colors of street graffiti are very vibrant. When cans of spray paint were readily available, a wide variety of brightly colored graffiti could be seen everywhere, from the train cars of the Underground to the platforms, to the walls of the streets, and all the way down to the walls in the toilets. With regard to color, the pop artist and public artist Claes Oldenburg said that a train decorated with graffiti is like a beautiful South American flower that decorates a dead city with its bright colors.

这场街头的文化运动在八十年代抵达法国，正巧那时是法国自由形象的崛起时期。从艺术的角度来说，这场发自于街头的艺术也是场行为艺术，它很快地引起社会、政治界、媒体以及主流艺坛的注意。于是，涂鸦文字逐渐减少，转变成大型精致的卡通图像。学院派艺术家也跟进。

This street culture movement arrived in France in the 1980s, coinciding with the rise of the French image of freedom. From an artistic point of view, this street art was also performance art, and it quickly attracted the attention of society, politics, the media and the mainstream art scene. As a result, graffiti text was gradually reduced to large, elaborate cartoon images. Academic artists followed suit.

As a result, professional graffiti artists began to appear, and a graffiti craze emerged in countries all over the world. People used this form of creation to rebel against the system, express their dissatisfaction, vent their emotions, and denounce society, only to be adopted by the entire capital system and become the mainstream of art from the original counterculture. This era witnessed the introduction of artistic fervor from the streets of New York to cities such as Paris. In France, a new group of artists began to emerge, with pioneers like artists Nasty and JonOne leaving their mark.

Nasty has been creating in the subway and his years of work have contributed greatly to the promotion of graffiti art in Paris. He brings the essence of the evolving graffiti movement.

Born and raised in New York City, where graffiti was emerging, JonOne moved to France in the 80's, where his unique way of writing made his art style unique, and in 2009 he was featured in an exhibition at the Fondation Cartier in Paris, where he has been featured in cities such as Milan, Shanghai, Bologna, Los Angeles, Tokyo, and New York. He has become a central figure in the graffiti culture of Paris.

The free and open-minded Netherlands is also considered to be where the European graffiti culture developed. The Dutch had more in mind for the design of the text. Artist Shoe was among his New York counterparts such as Dondi White, Rammellzee and Keith Haring in the 1980s. Also influenced by Abstract Expressionist painters and Pop artists, he gradually found a unique way to translate street attitude into galleries and museums.

Large-scale street graffiti has become an important way to transform neighborhoods. In the 13th arrondissement of Paris, there is a government-supported graffiti art program. The government of the 13th arrondissement invites influential artists from around the world to transform their neighborhoods through art, and it has become an open-air place for groups of tourists to see the city's art.

In April, Paris hosted the eighth edition of the Urban Art Fair, which attracted artists and tourists from all over the world. Currently, graffiti paintings are beginning to move into art galleries, and people are beginning to study and appreciate them from an academic point of view and collect them for investment and trading. Due to the relatively short history of the development of street art, it is currently a better time as an investment.